Harold Isaacs, Editor

Volume XI, Number 1: Spring 1994

The Third World and Prospects for Development
in a Changing International Environment
Foreword 9
Economic Reform, Open Door and the Rise of Provincial Power
By Shizhang Hu 		14
Pakistan's Personnel Administration in 'Disjointed Time'
By Garth N. Jones 		44
An Economic Analysis of the Determinants of Primary School Expenditures in Cameroon
By Tafah-Edokat E.O. 		75
Another Cinema, Another World, Another Society
By Tomas Gutierrez Alea 		90
The Collapse of the Salvadorean State
By Rodolfo Cardenal 		114
In the Shining Path of Mariategui, Mao Zedong or Presidente Gonzalo? Peru's Sendero Luminoso in Historical Perspective
By Daniel Masterson 		154
Other Papers
The Contributions of Philip Curtin and the "Wisconsin School" to the Study and Promotion of Comparative World History
By Craig A. Lockard 		180
Democracy, Community, and Human Development
By Gary Kline 		224
The Industrial Development in the PRC: Current Condition and Future Prospects
By Kong Chu 		245
Overseas Chinese Dissident Movement: The Search for a Role in History
By Peng Deng 		251
Issues in Official Development Assistance to Vietnam
By Robert L. Curry, Jr. 		262
Gender, Ethnicity and Political Participation: A Case Study of Women in the Tamilnadu Legislative Assembly
By Sudha Ratan 		282
The National Conference as an Instrument of Democratization in Francophone Africa
By John F. Clark 		304
Madagascar: The Collapse of an Experiment
By Eliphas G. Mukonoweshuro 		336
Ethnic Organizations: Integration and Assimilation Vs. Segregation and Cultural Preservation with Specific Reference to the Iranians in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area
By Ebrahim BiParva 369
Ethnicity and Democracy in Guyana
By Chaitram Singh 		405
Book Reviews

ASIA
MICHAEL C. HOWARD (ed.). Asia's Environmental Crisis.
By Robert Lawless 		424
WILLIAM R. NESTER. Japan and the Third World: Patterns, Power, Prospects.
By Thomas W. Burkman 		427
GANG DENG. Development Versus Stagnation: Technological Continuity and Agricultural Progress in Pre-Modern China.
By Louise R. Wilde 		430
DOUGLAS ALLEN (ed.). Religion and Political Conflict in South Asia: India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
By Rodger D. Long 		434
B.R. TOMLINSON. The New Cambridge History of India III/3: The Economy of Modern India, 1860-1970.
By Feroz Ahmad 		438
SUMA CHITNIS AND PHILIP G. ALTBACH (eds.). Higher Education Reform in India.
By Sudha Ratan 		441
RAJESWARI SUNDER RAJAN (ed.). The Lie of the Land: English Literary Studies in India.
By Heather T. Frazer 		444
R. BATES GILL. Chinese Arms Transfers: Purposes, Patterns, and Prospects in the New World Order.
By Sharon Tracy 		447
K.S. JOMO (ed.). Industrializing Malaysia: Policy, Performance, Prospects.
By Robert L. Curry, Jr.		 449
FREDRICK BARTH. Balinese Worlds
By Garth N. Jones 		451
SULTAN HAFEEZ RAHMAN. Macroeconomic Performance, Stabilization and Adjustment: The Experience of Bangladesh in the 1980s.
By Tanweer Akram 		455

AFRICA
BEVERLY G. HAWK (ed.). Africa's Media Image.
By Stephen E. Buggie 		458
BEVERLY G. HAWK (ed.). Africa's Media Image.
By Tendayi S. Kumbula 		460
ABDULLAHI AHMED AN-NA'IM AND FRANCES M. DENG (eds.). Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives.
By Stephen E. Buggie and Stephanie B. Dowdy 		466
R. HUNT DAVIS, JR. (ed.). Apartheid Unravels.
By Karl P. Magyar 		469
STEVEN L. VARNIS. Reluctant Aid or Aiding the Reluctant?
By Getachew Metaferia 		474
JEAN MARIE ALLMAN. The Quills of the Porcupine: Asante Nationalism in an Emergent Ghana.
By Ngozi Caleb Kamalu 		477
AMOS J. BEYAN. The American Colonization Society and the Creation of the Liberian State: A Historical Perspective, 1822-1990.
By Santosh Saha 		479
JOSHUA B. FORREST. Guinea-Bissau: Power, Conflict and Renewal in a West African Nation.
By Laura Boudon 		482
R. ENGELMAN (ed.). Small Business Management.
By G.S. Namusonge 		485

MIDDLE EAST
SIMON BROMLEY. Rethinking Middle East Politics.
By Nader Entessar 		488
DAN TSCHIRGI (ed.). The Arab World Today.
By Jacob Abadi 		492
MOSHE EFRAT AND JACOB BERCOVITCH (ed.). Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East: The Imbalance of Influence.
By Michael B. Bishku 		496
ILIYA HARIK AND DENIS J. SULLIVAN (eds.). Privatization and Liberalization in the Middle East.
By Rudy T. Zarzar 		499
MATTI MOOSA. Extremist Shiites, the Ghulat Sects.
By Antoine J. Abraham 		502
ZVI ELPELEG. The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin-al Hussaini, Founder of the Palestine National Movement.
By Louis Farshee 		503
ORAYB AREF NAJJAR. Portraits of Palestinian Women.
By Katherine Rahman 		508
KEITH MCLACHLAN. The Neglected Garden: Politics and Ecology of Agriculture in Iran.
By Robert E. Looney 		512
JUAN R.I. COLE. Colonialism and Revolution in the Middle East: Social and Cultural Origins of Egypt's Urabi Movement.
By Vernon Egger 		515
NADIM SHEHADI AND DANA HAFFAR MILLS. Lebanon: A History of Conflict and Consensus.
By Antoine J. Abraham 		519
MEHRDAD R. IZADY. The Kurds: A Concise Handbook.
By Steven S. Sallie 		520
KARL PIERAGOSTINI. Britain, Aden and South Arabia Abandoning Empire.
By Jacob Abadi 		521
PHILIP ROBINS. Turkey and the Middle East.
By Michael B. Bishku 		525
JENNY B. WHITE. Money Makes Us Relatives: Women's Labor in Urban Turkey.
By Paul J. Magnarella 		527
ARLENE ELOWE MACLEOD. Accomodating Protest: Working Women, the New Veiling, and Change in Cairo.
By Vernon Egger 		529
AKBARALI THOBHANI. Islam's Quiet Revolutionary: The Story of Aga Khan IV.
By Nizar A. Motani 		532

LATIN AMERICA
PAUL W. ZAGORSKI. Democracy vs. National Security: Civil-Military Relations in Latin America.
By Jill M. Severe 		538
JAMES PETRAS AND MORRIS MORLEY. Latin America in the Time of Cholera: Electoral Politics, Market Economics, and Permanent Crisis.
By Dennis D. Murphy 		541
ANGELA D. BYRE AND BEVERLEY Y. BYFIELD (eds.). International Human Rights Law in the Commonwealth Caribbean.
By Ivelaw L. Griffith 		543
TIMOTHY P. WICKHAM-CROWLEY. Guerrillas & Revolution in Latin America: A Comparative Study of Insurgents and Regimes Since 1956.
By Lee Pennington 		545
RODERIC AI CAMP. Politics in Mexico.
By Paul L. Simon 		548
ROBERT M. LEVINE. Vale of Tears, Revisiting the Canudos Massacre in Northeastern Brazil, 1893-1897.
By Thomas Whigham 		549
ROBERT J. ALEXANDER. Juscelino Kubitschek and the Development of Brazil.
By William L. Cumiford 		551
JANE M. RAUSCH. The Llanos Frontier in Colombia History, 1830-1930.
By John J. Winberry 		555
THOMAS C. DALTON. Everything Within the Revolution: Cuban Strategies for Social Development Since 1960.
By Dale T. Graden 		558
SHERRIE L. BAVER. The Political Economy of Colonialism: The State and Industrialization in Puerto Rico.
By Martin J. Collo 		561
HAROLD K. STEEN AND RICHARD P. TUCKER (eds.). Changing Tropical Forests.
By Daniel B. Good 		564

MISCELLANEOUS
SYLVIA WOODBY AND MARTHA L. COTTAM (eds.). The Changing Agenda: World Politics Since 1945.
By Jeffrey M. Ebenstein 		566
PAUL J. MAGNARELLA. Human Materialism: A Model of Sociocultural Systems and a Strategy for Analysis.
By Gary Kline 		567
JULIE FISHER. The Road from Rio: Sustainable Development and the Nongovernmental Movement in the Third World.
By Lewis A. Mennerick 		571
ELINOR OSTROM, LARRY SCHROEDER AND SUSAN WYNNE. Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Development: Infrastructure Policies in Perspective.
By Rolin Mainuddin 		577
DERICK W. BRINKERHOFF. Improving Development Program Performance, Guidelines for Managers: Studies in Development Management.
By Saundra L. Casey 		579
THOMAS G. WEISS (ed.). Collective Security in a Changing World: Emerging Global Issues.
By Jeffrey M. Ebenstein 		581
THOMAS G. WEISS AND JAMES G. BLIGHT (eds.). The Suffering Grass: Superpowers and Regional Conflict in Southern Africa and the Caribbean.
By Andrew Gottlieb 		583
JOHN M. MARTIN AND ANNE T. ROMANO. Multinational Crime: Terrorism, Espionage, Drug & Arms Trafficking.
By Donald Simmons and Brian K. Payne 		587
JAMES VALENTINE (ed.). Urban and Regional Development in Third World Countries: Problems of Population in Developing Nations.
By Sean McCluskie and Robert P. Watson 		589
HARRY T. DIMITRIOU (ed.). Transport Planning for Third World Cities.
By Victor C. Ortloff 		596
DAVID H. LUMSDAINE. Moral Vision in International Politics: The Foreign Aid Regime, 1949-1989.
By Rolin Mainuddin 		598
YORMA DINSTEIN AND MALA TABORY (eds.). The Protection of Minorities and Human Rights.
By Daniel C. Turack 		600
MICHAEL L. BUDDE. The Two Churches: Catholicism and Capitalism in the World System.
By Jeanne L. Friedman 		604
RITA S. GALLIN, ANNE FERGUSON AND JANICE HARPER (eds.). The Women and International Development Annual, Volume 3.
By Mehrangiz Nagafizadeh 		606
DAVID GOODMAN AND MICHAEL REDCLIFT. Refashioning Nature: Food, Ecology, and Culture.
By Robert Lawless 		613
TONY ALLEN AND ANDREW WARREN (eds.). Deserts: The Encroaching Wilderness, A World Conservation Atlas.
By G. Wesley Burnett 		616
HANS LINNEMANN (eds.). South-South Trade Preferences: The GSTP and Trade in Manufacturers.
By Rolin Mainuddin 		619
Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Association of Third World Studies, Inc.
Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, October 7-9, 1993
Events and Presidential Awards
622
In Memoriam
627
Books Available for Review
630

Volume XI, Number 2: Fall 1994

Third World Crises
Foreword 10
Africa After More than Thirty Years of Independence: Still Poor and Deprived
By John Mukum Mbaku 		13
Regional Characteristics of Political Violence and Refugee Situations: A Study of Four Refugee-Generating African Countries
By Assefaw Bariagaber 		59
Second Phase of China's Economic Reform: Crossing the Rubicon Divide?
By Taifa Yu 		82
The Peruvian Army in War and Peace: 1980-1992
By George L. Vasquez 		100
The Lebanon War, in Retrospect and Prospect
By A.J. Abraham 		117
Reflections on the Immaterial Conditions of Development
By Gary Kline 		151
Other Papers
The Role of the Semitic Peoples in the Expansion of the World Economy Via the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Literature Extraction and an Interpretation
By Steven S. Sallie 		166
U.S. Aid to the Third World: Testing Aid Theories and Programs of the 1980s
By Robert P. Watson and Sean McCluskie 		202
The Chinese Community in South Vietnam During the Second Indochina War
By Michael Share 		240
Vietnam's External Institutional Options: ASEAN, APEC and PECC
By Robert L. Curry, Jr. 		266
Defense Expenditures, Investment and Crowding Out: Problems of Capital Formation in Pakistani Manufacturing
By Robert E. Looney 		292
Stifling Capitalism in Rural Africa: The Gusii Coffee Industry in Kenya, 1932-1949
By Robert M. Maxon 		317
Smallholder Farmers' Resources and the Application of Social and Cultural Practices in Traditional Farming in the Southern Sudan
By S.J. Dima 		351
Analysis of Public Sector Earnings Profiles and Implications for Human Capital Investment and Utilization: A Case Study of Cameroon
By Tafah - Edokat E.O. 		386
Labor in Costa Rica's Gold Mines, 1900-1940
By Avi Chomsky 		407
The Kurdish Factor in Turkish Foreign Policy
By Michael M. Gunter 		440
Review Article
The Challenges Facing Haiti (and the United States)
By Robert Lawless 		473
Book Reviews and Review Essays

ASIA
JUDE HOWELL. China Opens Its Doors: The Politics of Economic Transition.
By Peng Deng 		500
MIRIAM K. MILLS AND STUART S. NAGEL (eds.). Public Administration in China.
By Shizhang Hu 		504
RICHARD HARVEY BROWN AND WILLIAM T. LIU (eds.). Modernization in East Asia: Political, Economic, and Social Perspectives.
By Sharon Tracy 		507
MARTIN GREEN. Gandhi: Voice of a New Age Revolution.
By Santosh C. Saha 		510
JULIA LESLIE (ed.). Roles and Rituals for Hindu Women.
By Mitali R. Pati 		514
ABDUL AZIZ. Decentralized Planning: The Karnataka Experiment.
By James Biedzynski 		516
BEN KIERNAN (ed.). Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, The United Nations and The International Community.
By William M. Leary 		517
PETER DE BENEDITTIS. Guam's Trial of the Century: News, Hegemony, and Rumor in an American Colony.
By Garth N. Jones 		520
VICTORIA A. LOCKWOOD. Tahitian Transformation: Gender and Capitalist Development in a Rural Society.
By Robert Lawless 		525

AFRICA
APRIL A. GORDON AND DONALD L. GORDON (eds.). Understanding Contemporary Africa.
By Kingsley E. Esedo 		527
ABDULLAHI AHMED AN-NA'IM AND FRANCIS M. DENG (eds.). Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives.
By Stephen E. Buggie and Stephanie B. Dowdy 		530
MARTIN STANILAND. American Intellectuals and African Nationalists, 1955-1970.
By Richard Dale 		533
JULIUS O. IHONVBERE. Nigeria: The Politics of Adjustment & Democracy.
By Prosper D. Bani 		536
NIGEL WORDEN. The Making of Modern South Africa: Conquest, Segregation and Apartheid.
By Laura E. Boudon 		539
THOMAS BORSTELMANN. Apartheid's Reluctant Uncle: The United States and South Africa in the Early Cold War.
By David T. Jervis 		542
LIONEL CLIFFE. The Transition to Independence in Namibia.
By Kenneth W. Grundy 		544
MANTHIA DIAWARA. African Cinema.
By Irungu Munene 		550
AKINTUNDE O. OBILADE (ed.). Women in Law.
By A.B. Assensoh and Y.M. Alex-Assensoh 		552
ESTHER K. HICKS. Infibulation: Female Mutilation in Islamic Northeastern Africa.
By Brian M. du Toit 		557
RENE DEVISCH. Weaving the Threads of Life: The Khita Gyn-Ecological Healing Cult Among the Yaka.
By Robert Lawless 		560
SUSAN LOWERRE. Under the Neem Tree.
By Louise M. Bourgualt 		562
REVIEW ESSAY:
SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
GEOFFREY WHITEHEAD. Book-keeping and Accounting;
DAVID ROYALL AND MIKE HUGHES. Computerization in Business;
MAUREEN BENNETT. Managing Growth;
ROGER BEENTT. Small Business Survival;
JOHN KELLY. Purchasing for Profit;
KAVEN LANZ. Hiring and Firing: Employing and Managing People;
JOHN C. LAMBDEN AND DAVID TAGGET. Small Business Finance;
WILLIAM LOVELL. Understanding VAT;
ALAN WEST. A Business Plan;
BILL RICHARDSON, ET AL. Case Studies in Business Planning: Lecturer's Guide;
COLLIN BARROW AND PAUL BARRON. The Business Plan Workbook; and
PETER G. ODENG. How to Start Your Own Small Business.
By G.S. NAMUSONGE 565

LATIN AMERICA
SARAH A. RADCLIFFEE AND SALLIE WESTWOOD (eds.). Viva: Women and Popular Protest in Latin America.
By Rosario Espinal 		570
PAUL GOOTENBERG. Imagining Development: Economic Ideas in Peru's "Fictitious Prosperity" of Guano, 1840-1880.
By Thomas Whigham 		574
RIORDAN ROETT (ed.). Political and Economic Liberalization in Mexico: At a Critical Juncture?
By Mary A. Watrous 		576
JOHN A. BOOTH AND THOMAS W. WALKER. Understanding Central America.
By Avi Chomsky 		582
REVIEW ESSAY:
THE IMPOSSIBLE REVOLUTION: THE APRA IN POWER, 1985-1990
JOHN CRABTREE. Peru Under Garcia: An Opportunity Lost;
CAROL GRAHAM. Peru's APRA: Parties, Politics and the Elusive Quest for Democracy;
JAMES D. RUDOLPH. The Evolution of a Crisis.
By George L. Vasquez 587
REVIEW ESSAY:
THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF BRAZIL
RICHARD GRAHAM. Patronage and Politics in Nineteenth Century Brazil;
JEFFREY D. NEEDELLA. A Tropical Belle Epoque.
By Lydia Garner 599

MIDDLE EAST
HEATHER DEEGAN. The Middle East and Problems of Democracy.
By Michael M. Gunter 		606
HALIM BARAKAT. The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State.
By Tamara Sonn 		608
ASGHAR SCHIRAZI. Islamic Development Policy: The Agrarian Question in Iran.
By Chris Furlow 		612
FRANK A. CLEMENTS. Arab Regional Organizations.
By Sohail Hashmi 		615
HOOSHANG AMIRAHMADI AND NADER ENTESSAR (eds.). Iran and the Arab World.
By Sohail Hashmi 		615
P.J. VATIKOTIS. The History of Modern Egypt: From Muhammad Ali to Mubarak.
By A.J. Abraham 		618
MICHAEL CROUCH. An Element of Luck: To South Arabia and Beyond.
By Vernon Egger 		619
ALON LIEL. Turkey in the Middle East: Oil, Islam and Politics.
By Jacob Abadi 		622
ATILA ERALP, MUHARREM TUNAY AND BIROL YESILADA. The Political and Socioeconomic Transformation of Turkey.
By Paul J. Magnarella 		625
DAVID A. KORN. Assassination in Khartoum.
By James Biedzynski 		626

MISCELLANEOUS
MITCHELL A. SELIGSON AND JOHN T. PASSE-SMITH (eds.). Development and Underdevelopment: The Political Economy of Inequality.
By Ruben Berrios 		629
BRET L. BILLET. Modernization Theory and Economic Development: Discontent in the Developing World.
By Floyd M. Mast 		633
CHARLES DAVID KLEYMEYER. Cultural Expression and Grass-roots Development.
By Mitchell S. Rothman 		635
D.A. LOW. Eclipse of Empire.
By George L. Simpson, Jr. 		640
DIANA TUSSIE AND DAVID CLOVER. The Developing Countries in World Trade.
By Bernard D. Williams 		643
DONALD BOBIASH. South-South Aid: How Developing Countries Help Each Other.
By Rolin Mainuddin 		645
STEPHEN DEVEREUX AND JOHN HODDINOTT (eds.). Fieldwork in Developing Countries.
By Christopher B. Barrett 		647
FREDERICK COOPER, FLORENCIA MALLON, STEVE STERN, ALLEN ISAACMAN, AND WILLIAM ROSEBERRY. Confronting Historical Paradigms: Peasants, Labor and the Capitalist World System in Africa and Latin America.
By Erick Ching 649
MARTIN HART-LANDSBERG. The Rush to Development: Economic Change and Political Struggle in South Korea.
By Stewart Sutley 		653
NIGEL HARRIS. City, Class and Trade: Social and Economic Change in the Third World.
By Santosh C. Saha 		662
GEOFFREY REEVES. Communications and the "Third World."
By Barry King 		665
FRED J. RUPPEL AND EARL D. KELLOGG (eds.). National and Regional Self-Sufficiency Goals: Implications for International Agriculture.
By Christopher B. Barrett 		670
DICKSON A. MUNGAZI. Educational Policy and National Character: Africa, Japan, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
By Laura E. Boudon 		675
PHILIP ALTBACH (ed.). Publishing and Development in the Third World.
By Abdel-Qader Yassine 		677
MARC WILLIAMS. Third World Cooperation: The Group of 77 in UNCTAD.
By Frank Khachina Matanga 		680
JOHN FRIEDMANN. Empowerment: The Politics of Alternative Development.
By Frank Khachina Matanga 		685
GEORGE J. BORJAS AND RICHARD B. FREEMAN (eds.). Immigration and the Work Force: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas.
By Robert Lawless 		689
CONSTANCE M. MCCORKLE (ed.). Plants, Animals, and People: Agropastoral Systems Research.
By Robert Lawless 		690
SALLY SONTHEIMER (ed.). Women and the Environment.
By Kembo Sure 		693
TED ROBERT GURR. Minorities at Risk.
By S.J. Raphalides 		698
JAMES AXTELL. Beyond 1492: Encounters in Colonial North America.
By James Biedzynski 		703
WALTER CONNOR. Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding.
By Paul J. Magnarella 		705
ROBERT MYERS. The Twelve Who Survive: Strengthening Programs of Early Childhood Development in the Third World.
By Stephen E. Buggie 707
REVIEW ESSAY:
OPEC: IS IT AN OIL CARTEL?
ABBAS ALNASRAWI. OPEC in a Changing World Economy;
GEOFFREY HEAL AND GRACIELA CHICHILNISKY. Oil and the International Economy;
GEORG KOOPMANN, KLAUS MATTHIES AND BEATE RESZAT. Oil and the International Economy: Lessons from Two Price Shocks;
RAJENDRA K. PACHAURI. The Political Economy of Global Energy;
IAN SKEET. OPEC: Twenty-five Years of Prices and Politics.
By Rolin G. Mainuddin 710
REVIEW ESSAY:
WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT: FROM INVISIBILITY TO EMPOWERMENT
LESLIE J. CALMAN. Toward Empowerment: Women and Movement Politics in India;
JOYCELIN MASSIAH (ed.). Women in Developing Economies: Making Visible the Invisible;
MEREDETH TURSHEN AND BRIAVEL HOLCOMB (eds.). Women's Lives and Public Policy: The International Experience.
By Elisabeth Prugl 716
Books Available for Review
 723

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